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The Pitfalls and Most Common Problems in Game Design (and How to Fix Them): A guide for new game designers and game developers

Learn about the most common problems in game design, including pitfalls to avoid.

Learn about the most common problems in game design, including pitfalls to avoid.

Game levels are the building blocks of gameplay. Well-designed levels guide players on an exciting journey filled with challenges to overcome, stories to uncover, and skills to master.

But creating great game levels is far from easy. Even experienced designers can fall into traps and pitfalls that sabotage the player experience.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll dive deep into the most prevalent issues that plague game level design. We’ll dissect real-world examples and walk through proven solutions to avoid these problems in your own projects.

Whether you’re building sprawling 3D worlds or tight 2D side scrollers, you’ll find tips here to polish your level design skills. Let’s get started!

Contents: The Pitfalls and Most Common Problems in Game Design

Overview of Common Level Design Problems

Before we dive into the details, here’s a high-level overview of some of the most common pitfalls covered in this guide:

Careful planning and playtesting can help identify and fix these issues in level design. Let’s explore each problem in detail.

Most Common Problems in Game Design – Games with Overwhelming Scale and Complexity – Source: Resetera

Problem #1: Overwhelming Scale and Complexity

Creating massive worlds and convoluted levels may seem exciting initially. But in practice, too much size and complexity often undermine great gameplay.

The Problem with Overwhelming Scale and Complexity

When designing levels, it’s tempting to go big. REALLY big. Wide open worlds that would take hours just to cross on foot. Labyrinthine dungeons with endless rooms and corridors. Interconnected zones crammed with places to explore.

Creating epic-scale levels seems exciting initially. But in practice, massive size and complexity often undermine great gameplay. Too much space leads to aimless wandering. An overabundance of intersecting paths causes frustration. Exploring gradually stops feeling fun.

Examples of Overly Large Levels

How to Avoid Overwhelming Scale and Complexity

Here are some tips to keep scale and complexity manageable:

Clearly Define the Core Path

Playtest for Pain Points

Use Wayfinding Features

Set Clear Size Limits

Key Takeaway

Complexity and scale can easily spiral out of control. But with intentional design, you can create levels that feel open yet satisfyingly navigable for players.

Most Common Problems in Game Design – Excessive Enemy Density

Problem #2: Excessive Enemy Density

Cramming too many enemies into close quarters quickly makes gameplay feel spammy and frustrating rather than fun.

The Problem with Excessive Enemy Density

Some designers try to increase difficulty by overloading levels with enemies. But this backfires when taken too far. Densely packed enemies bring all sorts of issues:

Examples of Excessive Enemy Density

How to Avoid Excessive Enemy Density

Here are some tips for pacing enemy encounters:

Space Out Encounters

Map Difficulty Curves

Use Metagates

Playtest Extensively

Key Takeaway

With intentional spacing and gating of enemy groups, you can design density that feels intense but not overwhelming.

Most Common Problems in Game Design – Games with the strangest objectives – Source: Game Informer

Problem #3: Unclear Objectives and Wayfinding

Getting lost because your task and path forward are opaque is a quick way to lose player engagement.

The Problem with Unclear Objectives and Wayfinding

Quest goals, objectives, and level exits should be strongly telegraphed. But often fundamental wayfinding is neglected. Designers forget to communicate what needs doing and where players should be headed. Some common issues include:

Examples of Unclear Wayfinding

How to Avoid Unclear Objectives and Wayfinding

Here are some tips for communicating objectives and ideal paths:

Explicitly State Objectives

Use Visual Cues

Communicate Multi-Step Goals

Playtest Wayfinding

Key Takeaway

With clear direction and strong visual signposting, you can craft levels that propel purposeful forward progress.

Most Common Problems in Game Design – Most Repetitive and boring games – Source: The Gamer

Problem #4: Repetitive and Boring Tasks

Monotony often creeps its way into level tasks, puzzles and other activities. Players quickly disengage with repetitive challenges.

The Problem with Repetitive and Boring Tasks

Few things torpedo engagement faster than repetitive level elements. Unfortunately monotony often creeps its way into tasks, puzzles and other activities.

The absolutely worst offender? Reusing the exact same task or puzzle templates over and over without variation. This turns gameplay into a numbing chore:

Basic templates are fine starting points. But mimicking the same types of challenges continually breeds boredom quickly.

Another common mistake is drawing out individual tasks or puzzles for too long. What initially seemed engaging wears out its welcome midway through.

Examples of Repetitive Level Design

How to Avoid Repetitive and Boring Tasks

Here are some strategies to maintain engagement:

Use Diverse Mix of Tasks

Disguise Repeated Templates

Keep Tasks Concise

Analyze Level Flow

Key Takeaway

With a diversity of activities that exit before going stale, you can maintain player engagement from start to finish.

Most Common Problems in Game Design – Unsatisfying Difficulty Curves and games too difficult – Source The Guardian

Problem #5: Unsatisfying Difficulty Curves

The challenge level should steadily ramp up to stay engaging without being discouraging. But often, the difficulty curve feels erratic.

The Problem with Unsatisfying Difficulty Curves

A great level dances the player along a razor’s edge between boredom and frustration. The challenge escalates steadily as their skills ramp up. When done right, this difficulty curve is immensely satisfying.

But often, the curve warps into shapes that don’t deliver a smooth ride. You experience jarring spikes or lifeless plateaus. The tension falls apart.

Some common missteps with difficulty progression include:

Examples of Poor Difficulty Curves

How to Avoid Unsatisfying Difficulty Curves

Here are tips for honing difficulty progressions:

Plot It on a Curve

Steady Escalation is Key

Playtest and Adjust

Key Takeaway

With incremental escalation that flexes to match player skills, your difficulty curve will deliver engaging flow.

Most Common Problems in Game Design – Uncharted screenshot

Problem #6: Levels Disconnected From Story

In story-driven games, levels shouldn’t just function as gameplay spaces. They also need to meaningfully contribute to and enhance the surrounding narrative.

The Problem with Levels Disconnected From Story

But often level design and story feel strangely detached rather than woven together. There’s a jarring schism between the gameplay challenges and the narrative context meant to ground them.

Some common issues include:

Key Takeaway: Integrate levels tightly with narrative context.

Examples of Disconnected Levels

How to Avoid Levels Disconnected From Story

Integrate Levels into the Plot Arc

Don’t develop levels in isolation – interweave them with the beats of your story. Let narrative context inform objectives. Assign characters and events integral roles guiding the player through levels.

Each level should feel like both a gameplay challenge AND a narrative moment moving the story forward.

Maintain Tonal Consistency

Make sure the style, aesthetics and vibe of levels match and reinforce the fictional setting. Don’t whip the player tonally back and forth between levels. Maintain cohesive creative direction.

For example, a noir detective story should stick with moody, atmospheric level design – not shift into bright flashy spectacle for a specific mission.

Use Environmental Storytelling

Have the level environments themselves convey narrative information through visual details that implicitly tell small stories. No need for heavy exposition – let the spaces speak volumes through thoughtful design.

Show, don’t tell stories about what happened in a ruin, laboratory, or mysterious cavern through careful environmental clues.

Playtest Story Resonance

Ask playtesters pointed questions about how levels made them feel – did they reinforce or betray the tone of the world? Did the objectives feel grounded in the story or arbitrarily tacked on?

Use this feedback to evaluate and strengthen story-gameplay cohesion moving forward.

Case Study: Uncharted’s Levels That Double as Story Moments

The Uncharted series excels at making its levels feel like seamless parts of the narrative experience.

How They Achieve It

Naughty Dog builds levels that feed into and bolster the story at every turn – true ludonarrative harmony!

Levels that tightly interlock with narrative context transform gameplay into story progression. When they work in unison, you achieve true immersion.

Most Common Problems in Game Design – Problems of playtesting and iteration in Cyberpunk 2077 : Source GameRant

Problem #7: You don´t play test and iterate

Many design issues only reveal themselves once levels are actively playtested. But often, levels receive only cursory testing before being locked down.

The Problem with lack of playtesting and iteration

Without serious iteration cycles, levels ship lacking crucial polish. Hallmarks of insufficient testing and revision include:

A 2016 study of 5000 game projects found that titles with thorough playtesting had criticism rates under 20%. Those with little testing garnered criticism over 3x higher. Testing mattered more than budget or schedule.

Case Study: Cyberpunk 2077

The disastrous launch state of Cyberpunk 2077 in 2020 illustrates the perils of inadequate playtesting before release. Myriad issues around bugs, performance, UI, and gameplay design persisted. Earlier and more extensive testing may have surfaced and addressed these problems sooner.

Key Takeaway: Playtest early, often, and right up until launch.

How to Avoid lack of playtesting and iteration

Start Playtesting Early

Don’t wait until levels are nearly complete to playtest them. Start as soon as gray blocking is finalized and the overall shape takes form. The earlier issues can be found, the better.

Test Often and Iterate

Schedule frequent play test sessions focused on specific sections or mechanics. Let testing guide an ongoing process of iteration. Be willing to make major changes based on feedback.

Observe Players Closely

During testing, watch players like a hawk. Note exactly where they struggle, get stuck, or lose interest. Listen to their feedback, but also rely on your observations.

Get Fresh Perspectives

Don’t just playtest internally. Bring in external testers to give objective feedback. They catch issues teams have become blind to through familiarity. Fresh eyes are invaluable.

Refine Until the End

Don’t stop meticulous testing and tuning after hitting beta or release candidate milestones. Expect to keep iterating right up until launch day – treat it as the final stretch rather than the finish line.

Case Study: How Nintendo Playtests Levels

Nintendo’s designers are masters of iteration fueled by rigorous playtesting. Here are some of their best practices:

This commitment to ongoing iteration results in their signature polish and game feel.

3 Playtesting Best Practices

To extract maximum value from playtests, be sure to:

Robust playtesting and iteration results in smooth, engaging level flow. Don’t leave it as an afterthought!

Key Takeaway

With ongoing playtesting and revision, you can achieve that elusive “fingerprints of the maker” level of craftsmanship.

Most Common Problems in Game Design – The worst artificial barriers in videogames – Source Game Informer

Problem #8: Artificial Barriers

Invisible walls, locked doors, impassable terrain. Restricting player movement often feels necessary to contain them within intended play spaces.

But clunky artificial barriers shatter immersion. These jarring reminders that you’re trapped in a virtual box undermine the sense of exploration.

Some common artifical design barriers include:

Key Takeaway: Communicate restrictions clearly through smart level architecture.

How to solve Artificial Barriers

Embrace Natural Barriers

Rather than relying on artificial barriers, leverage logical parts of your environment design to containment. Impassable forests, rivers, ravines, cliffs, fences, ruins, mountains, swampy bogs all make sense.

Think how your level fiction can justify its boundaries organically vs abruptly halting player movement.

Close Loops and Connect Zones

Consider looping paths, tunnels, and transitions between zones rather than hard cuts between areas. If you stitch together spaces cohesively, fewer artificial gates are needed.

Linking areas through transitional spaces maintains the illusion of a larger continuous world beyond the playspace.

Playtest for Immersion

As playtesters navigate your levels, watch for places the barriers stand out awkwardly. Get feedback on elements that break immersion or feel artificially restrictive.

Iterate on better integrating restrictions into the environment itself. Barriers that make fictional sense stand out much less.

Most Common Problems in Game Design – Breath of the Wild’s Open Design

Case Study: Breath of the Wild’s Open Design

Nintendo’s Breath of the Wild shows how smart level architecture can minimize artificial barriers.

Their Approach

This combination of open interconnectedness with natural barriers deepens immersion in the world.

When restrictions make contextual sense, players rarely chafe against them. Take care to keep your boundaries integrated into the fiction.

3 Tips for Immersive Barriers

Follow these guidelines when restricting player navigation:

Problem #9: Checkpoint Imbalance

Checkpoints are critical fail-safes that protect player progress. But their placement greatly impacts tension and pacing. Put too many, and challenge dwindles. Spread them too thin, and frustration sets in.

Bad checkpoint tuning includes:

Key Takeaway: Carefully tune checkpoint density, spacing, and location.

Most Common Problems in Game Design – Mario Checkpoint

How to solve Checkpoint Imbalance

Analyze Checkpoint Frequency

When laying out save points, step back and analyze their frequency across the entire level. Are they well spaced or clustered? Does this spacing match the pacing of challenges?

Ask yourself: does the current distribution match the ideal cadence? Or should density be increased/decreased?

Look for logical linkages between save points and level set pieces. Saves often make natural punctuation between major combat arenas, challenges, or story beats. This provides a periodically paced rhythm.

Also consider pacing ramps TOWARD each set piece. Don’t deflate tension by saving right before climactic moments.

Watch for Player Frustration

During playtesting, observe how far and how often players have to replay sections after mistakes or deaths. Note any sections that prove particularly frustrating to have to repeat frequently.

Add additional checkpoints if repetition goes on too long, especially near difficulty spikes.

Pitfalls and Most Common Problems in Game Design – Destiny game

Case Study: Destiny’s Checkpoint Controversy

Player outcry over sparse checkpointing in Destiny showcases the impact of bad save tuning.

The Issues

How They Fixed It

With careful checkpoint placement informed by playtesting, you can nail the right density and spacing to match your game’s flow.

3 Checkpoint Tuning Tips

Follow these principles when positioning checkpoints:

Problem #10: Hidden Elements

Exploration is only rewarding if it reveals something interesting. But often critical paths, items and interactions are obscured to the point of player frustration.

Players expect challenges while navigating your spaces. But the navigation itself shouldn’t be the challenge due to lack of signposting.

Some common issues around insufficiently highlighted elements include:

Key Takeaway: Ensure critical elements are prominently visible.

How to solve the problem with Hidden Elements

Highlight Interactive Elements

Anything players need to notice and interact with should be prominently called out. Use visual prominence, audio cues, UI prompts, character dialog, camera direction and other tactics to draw attention.

Err on the side of overt communication – don’t make players hunt and peck searching for the next key interaction.

Use Visual Hierarchy

Establish a strong visual hierarchy that directs player gaze towards important objects and areas. Contrast values, saturation, depth of field, lighting and more can emphasize points of focus.

The goal is staging compositions where critical items naturally attract attention – not blend into obscurity.

Design Visibility First

When modeling environments and placing items, make visibility a top criteria that trumps “realism.” Even if an object would realistically be hidden, expose it for the sake of clarity.

Remember that you’re designing spaces to explicitly guide players – not passively emulate reality. Prioritize purpose over accuracy.

Case Study: How Valve Guides Players

Valve’s games are legendary for their artful player direction. Some techniques they excel at include:

Valve masters the art of subtle visual signals that direct while retaining immersion.

With well-designed affordances and signifiers, you can avoid frustrating pixel hunts. Draw players toward discoveries – don’t hide the goods.

3 Tips for Visible Elements

Follow these guidelines to ensure elements read clearly:

Recap of Solutions for Common Problems

Let’s recap some of the key solutions covered for avoiding common level design pitfalls:

Overly Large and complex Levels

Excessive Enemies

Unclear Objectives

Repetitive Tasks

Unsatisfying Difficulty

Disconnected Levels

Inadequate Playtesting

Artificial Barriers

Checkpoint Imbalance

Hidden Elements

By dodging these pitfalls, you can craft captivating game spaces that keep players engaged from start to finish!

With knowledge of common pitfalls and solutions in mind, you can craft polished levels that withstand the scrutiny of real players.

Rigorous playtesting and iteration is the key to surfacing flaws while there’s time to address them. Don’t leave it as an afterthought!

Conclusion: Pitfalls and Most Common Problems in Game Design

Creating highly playable levels is an art beyond mastering the technical skills. An eye for pacing, flow, escalation and dramaturgy ends up being just as important.

This guide provides a blueprint of common pitfalls that disrupt engaging player experiences in navigating virtual spaces. By scrutinizing your own designs through the lens of these anti-patterns, you can identify weaknesses while there is still time for improvement.

Always stay vigilant for issues by thoroughly playtesting levels and observing real human players. Their reactions reveal what remains rough and frustrating. With a commitment to iteration before launch, you can sand down any rough edges into smooth seamless gameplay.

Game spaces crafted holistically to challenge, support, direct and immerse result in delightful experiences flattering to their architects. We hope these tips help you avoid missteps on the road to reaching that satisfying destination.

Now it’s time to put these lessons into practice. Grab your map editors, block out some intriguing virtual environments, invite some testers, and watch them play. Keep refining based on what you observe. You’ve got this!

We’d love to hear about your own biggest takeaways from this guide, as well as any additional pitfalls you’ve encountered on your game projects. Please leave a comment below sharing your insights or asking follow-up questions.

And if you found this guide helpful, be sure to bookmark the site and share it with fellow designers who can benefit from level design best practices. Let’s keep the conversation going and skill up together!

If you want to read more articles about errors in game design be sure to check our blog.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Pitfalls and Most Common Problems in Game Design

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Pitfalls and Most Common Problems in Game Design

Q: What is game design?

A: Game design is the process of creating the rules, mechanics, gameplay, and overall structure of a video game.

Q: What is the design process in game design?

A: The design process in game design refers to the systematic approach that designers follow to conceptualize, develop, and iterate on a game’s design.

Q: What are some common problems in game design?

A: Some common problems in game design include balancing gameplay difficulty, creating engaging mechanics, designing immersive environments, addressing technical limitations, and managing scope and resources.

Q: How can I fix gameplay balancing issues in my game?

A: To fix gameplay balancing issues in your game, you can playtest extensively, gather feedback from players, adjust difficulty levels, and iterate on your design based on the collected data.

Q: What are some design challenges that game designers face?

A: Game designers face various design challenges, such as creating a compelling story, designing interesting levels, balancing gameplay mechanics, and appealing to the target audience.

Q: How important is immersion in game design?

A: Immersion is crucial in game design as it helps players feel fully engaged and immersed in the game world, enhancing their overall experience.

Q: How can I create immersive game environments?

A: To create immersive game environments, you can focus on creating detailed and visually appealing game art, designing realistic and interactive game mechanics, and incorporating sound design and music that enhances the atmosphere.

Q: What role does the design team play in game development?

A: The design team in game development is responsible for conceptualizing and designing the game’s mechanics, levels, characters, and overall gameplay experience.

Q: How can I keep a player engaged throughout the game?

A: To keep a player engaged throughout the game, you can ensure a balanced difficulty progression, provide meaningful challenges, offer rewards and incentives, and create an immersive and captivating story or world.

Q: What are some good examples of game design?

A: Some good examples of game design include games like “The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild,” “Super Mario Odyssey,” and “The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt,” which are known for their engaging gameplay, immersive worlds, and innovative mechanics.

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